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The polar regions influence the global climate through a number of processes. Reduced Arctic sea ice cover allows greater access to offshore petroleum resources and ports supporting resource extraction on land. Increased Arctic shipping has significant socioeconomic and political implications for global trade, northern nations and economies strongly linked to traditional shipping corridors, while also increasing environmental risk in the Arctic. Ship traffic has already increased and is projected to become more feasible in the coming decades as further reductions in sea ice cover make Arctic routes more accessible. New shipping routes through the Arctic offer cost savings because they are shorter than traditional passages via the Suez or Panama Canals.

While management in some polar fisheries is among the most developed, scientists are exploring modifications to existing precautionary, ecosystem-based management approaches to increase the scope for adaptation to climate change impacts on marine ecosystems and fisheries. Impacts will vary between regions, depending on the degree of climate change and the effectiveness of human responses. This has consequences for where, when, and how many fish can be captured. Fisheries in the polar oceans support regional and global food security and are important for the economies of many countries around the world, but climate change alters Arctic and Antarctic marine habitats, and affects the ability of polar species and ecosystems to withstand or adapt to physical changes. Second, physical changes in the Arctic and Antarctic influence processes that are important for global climate and sea level.Īmong the risks to societies and economies, aspects of food provision, transport and access to non-renewable resources are of great importance. First, physical and ecosystem changes in the polar regions have socioeconomic impacts that extend across the globe. Isabella Velicogna (United States, Italy)įAQ 3.1: How do changes in the Polar Regions affect other parts of the world?Ĭlimate change in the Arctic and Antarctic affect people outside of the polar regions in two key ways.